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<h2><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;"> 1</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;">、方法原理</span></h2>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">碘化汞和碘化钾的碱性溶液与氨反应生成淡红棕色胶态化合物,此颜色在较宽的波长范围内具强烈吸收。通常测量用波长在<span>410~425nm</span>范围。</span></p>
<h2 style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;">2</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">、干扰及消除</span></h2>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">脂肪胺、芳香胺、醛类、丙酮、醇类和有机氯胺类等有机化合物,以及铁、锰、镁和硫等无机离子,因产生异色或浑浊而引起干扰,水中颜色和浑浊亦影响比色。为此,须经絮凝沉淀过滤或蒸馏预处理,易挥发的还原性干扰物质,还可在酸性条件下加热以除去,对金属离子的干扰,可加入适量的掩蔽剂加以消除。</span></p>
<h2 style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;">3</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">、方法的适用范围</span></h2>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">本法最低检出浓度为<span>0.025mg/L</span>(光度法),测定上限<span>2mg/L</span>,采用目视比色法,最低检出浓度为<span>0.02mg/L</span>。水样作适当的预处理后,本法可适用于地面水、地下水、工业废水和生活污水。</span></p>
<h2 style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">4、仪器</span></h2>
<p style="margin-left:37.2pt;text-indent:-16.2pt;"><span style="font-size: "><span>1、<span> </span></span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;">分光光度计。</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:37.2pt;text-indent:-16.2pt;"><span style="font-size: "><span>2、<span> </span></span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">pH</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;">计</span></p>
<h2 style="margin-left:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">5、试剂</span></h2>
<p style="margin-left:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">配制试剂用水无法应为无氨水。</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:37.2pt;text-indent:-16.2pt;"><span style="font-size: "><span>1、<span> </span></span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;">纳氏试剂</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">可选择下列一种方法制备:</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">⑴称取<span>20g</span>碘化钾溶于约<span>25ml</span>水中,边搅拌边分次少量加入二氯化汞(<span>HgCl2</span>)结晶粉末(约<span>10g</span>),至出现朱红色沉淀不易溶解时,改为滴加饱和二氯化汞溶液,并充分搅拌,当出现微量朱红色沉淀不再溶解时,停止滴加氯化汞溶液。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">另称取<span>60g</span>氢氧化钾溶于水,并稀释至<span>250ml</span>,冷却至室温后,将上述溶液在边搅拌下,徐徐注入氢氧化钾溶液中,用水稀释至<span>400ml</span>中,混匀。静置过夜,将上清液移入聚乙烯瓶中,密塞保存。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">⑵<span><span> </span></span>称取<span>16g</span>氢氧化钠,溶于<span>50ml</span>水中,充分冷却至室温。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">另称取<span>7g</span>碘化钾和<span>10g</span>碘化汞(<span>Hgl2</span>)溶于水,然后将此溶液在搅拌下徐徐注入氢氧化钠溶液中,用水稀释至<span>100ml</span>,贮于聚乙烯瓶中,密塞保存。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;">2</span><span style="font-size: ">、酒石酸钾钠溶液</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">称取<span>50g</span>酒石酸钾钠(<span>KNaC4H4O6</span>·<span>4H2O</span>)溶于<span>100ml</span>水中,加热煮沸以除氨,放冷,定容至<span>100ml</span>。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;">3</span><span style="font-size: ">、铵标准贮备溶液</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">称取<span>3.819g</span>经<span>100</span>℃干燥过的氯化铵(<span>NH4Cl</span>)溶于水中,移入<span>1000ml</span>容量瓶中,稀释至标线。此溶液每亳升含<span>1.00mg</span>氨氮。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;">4</span><span style="font-size: ">、铵标准使用溶液</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">移取<span>5.00ml</span>铵标准贮备液于<span>500ml</span>容量瓶中,用水稀释至标线。此溶液每毫升含<span>0.010mg</span>氨氮。</span></p>
<h2 style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">6、步骤</span></h2>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;">1</span><span style="font-size: ">、校准曲线的绘制</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">吸取<span>0</span>、<span>0.50</span>、<span>1.00</span>、<span>3.00</span>、<span>5.00</span>、<span>7.00</span>和<span>10.0ml</span>铵标准使用液于<span>50ml</span>比色管中,加水至标线,加<span>1.0ml</span>酒石酸钾钠溶液,混匀。加<span>1.50ml</span>纳氏试剂,混匀。放置<span>10min</span>后,在波长<span>420nm</span>处,用光程<span>20mm</span>比色皿,以水为参比,测量吸光度。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">由测得的吸光度,减去零浓度空白管的吸光度后,得到校正吸光度,绘制以氨氮含量(<span>mg</span>)对校正吸光度的校准曲线。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;">2</span><span style="font-size: ">、水样的测定</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">⑴<span><span> </span></span>分取适量经絮凝沉淀预处理后的水样(使氨氮含量不超过<span>0.1mg</span>),加入<span>50ml</span>比色管中,稀释至标线,加<span>1.0ml</span>酒石酸钾钠溶液。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">⑵<span><span> </span></span>分取适量经蒸馏预处理后的留出液,加入<span>50ml</span>比色管中,加一定量<span>1mol/L</span>氢氧化钠溶液以中和硼酸,稀释至标线。加<span>1.5ml</span>纳氏试剂,混匀。放置<span>10min</span>后,同校准曲线步骤测量吸光度。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;">3</span><span style="font-size: ">、空白试验</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">以无氨水代替水样,作全程序空白测定。</span></p>
<h2 style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">7、计算</span></h2>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;"><span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">由水样测得的吸光度减去空白试验的吸光度后,从校准曲线上查得氨氮含量(<span>mg</span>)。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:仿宋_GB2312;">式中,<span>m</span>——由校准曲线查得的氨氮量(<span>mg</span>);<span>V</span>——水样体积(<span>ml</span>)。</span></p>