文章速读
通过优化生物组合技术，研究发现生物促生剂、持续曝气、弹性立体填料及水花生组合对黑臭水体净化效果最佳，微生物群落结构差异是关键因素。
摘要:
目前组合生物技术治理黑臭水体存在效率低、周期长、易复发等问题，进一步提高组合生物技术对黑臭水体净化效率成为亟待解决的问题。通过单因素及正交实验分析比较了不同促生剂、曝气方式、填料、植物对黑臭水体的净化效率，并通过高通量测序从微生物角度理解不同条件净化效率产生差异的原因。结果表明：不同条件对黑臭水体净化效率存在差异，其中净化效果较佳的为生物促生剂（BE）、持续曝气、弹性立体填料及水花生，且各实验组优势菌门、优势菌属及其相对丰度不同。说明微生物群落结构组成的差异是不同条件对黑臭水体净化效率产生差异的原因。持续曝气，刺激了好氧菌与兼性菌的大量生长；弹性立体填料表面生长的生物膜，为好氧菌、厌氧菌、兼性菌尤其是后两者的生长提供了必需条件，刺激了厌氧菌、兼性菌的大量生长繁殖；水花生也有其独特的有利于污染物净化的根际微生物群落结构。研究结果可为组合生物技术选取高效的条件参数提供参考，为强化组合生物技术高效净化黑臭水体提供理论依据。
关键词:
组合生物技术 / 黑臭水体 / 净化 / 促生剂 / 曝气方式 / 填料 / 植物
Abstract:
Many problems still exist, such as low efficiency, long cycles, and easy recurrence for treatment of black-odor water. Further improving the purification efficiency of black-odor water by combinatorial biotechnology has become an urgent problem. Therefore, in this study, the purification efficiency of black-odor water by different bio-promoter, aeration methods, fillers, and plants was compared and analyzed by single factor and orthogonal experiments, and the reasons for the differences in purification efficiency under different conditions were revealed by high-throughput sequencing technique from the perspective of microorganisms. The results showed that there were differences in the purification efficiency of black-odor water under different conditions. Among them, the biological purification enhancer (BE), continuous aeration, elastic three-dimensional filler and water peanut were better in terms of purification capacity, and the dominant phyla, dominant bacteria. And their relative abundance were different in each experimental group. This showed that the differences in the composition of microbial community structure maybe the reason for the difference in purification efficiency of black-odor water under different conditions. Continuous aeration stimulated a large number of aerobic and facultative bacteria; the biofilm growing on the surface of the elastic three-dimensional filler provided necessary conditions for the growth of aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, and facultative bacteria, especially for the latter two, and stimulated the large-scale growth and reproduction of anaerobic bacteria and facultative bacteria; water peanut also had its unique rhizosphere microbial community structure that was conducive to pollutant purification. The results of this study could provide a reference for selecting efficient condition parameters for combinatorial biotechnology, and a theoretical basis for efficiently purifying black-odor water by the enhanced combinatorial biotechnology.
Key words:
combinatorial biotechnology / black-odor water / purification / bio-promoter / aeration method / filler / plant
结论：
- 1)、通过对组合生物技术各条件的优化实验发现,不同促生剂、曝气方式、填料、植物对黑臭水体净化效率存在差异。对黑臭水体净化效率较佳的最佳组合为菌剂+促生剂BE+持续曝气+弹性立体填料+水花生,黑臭水体净化后的 NH+4 -N、TP 浓度达到Ⅲ类水标准,COD 达到 GB3838—2002Ⅴ类水标准。
- 2)、高通量测序分析发现,不同条件下各实验组微生物群落结构存在显著差异。持续曝气刺激了好氧菌与兼性菌的大量生长;弹性立体填料表面生长的生物膜,除好氧菌外,也为厌氧菌、兼性菌的生长提供了必需条件,促进了厌氧菌、兼性菌的大量繁殖;水花生也有其独特的有利于污染物净化的根际微生物群落结构。
- 3)、通过改变生物组合技术中曝气方式、填料、植物等条件参数可调节黑臭水体中微生物群落结构,使其形成最优微生物群落结构,进而强化生物组合技术对黑臭水体的净化能力。
